1.含有when,if引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时;when引导其他时态的时间状语从句时,从句时态应与主句时态保持一致。
2. when, if引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从句的陈述语序,然后再根据主句的时态确定从句时态,使其基本与主句内容保持意义上的一致。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”;充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”;充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。如:
I don't know when my father will come back, but I'll ask him to call you back when he comes back.
我不知道我爸爸什么时候回来,但是他回来的时候我可以让他给你回电话。
I don't know if he will come back. If he comes back, I'll tell you.
我不知道他是否会回来。如果他回来的话,我会告诉你。
2.when, while,as的区别when, while, as引导的时间状语从句都可以使用延续性动词。when, as都可以与终止性动词连用,而while则不能。如:
He fell asleep when(while, as) he was reading.他看书时睡着了。
when可表示瞬间、时间段,与主句所叙述的动作、事情可同时发生,也可有先后。
I will go home when he comes back.
他回来时,我就回家去。
It was raining hard when we arrived.
我们到达时正下着大雨。
while用于同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生,常对主从句中谓语的两个动作进行比较。
While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes. 我读书时,我妈妈在洗衣服。
as不指先后,而指并列发生,尤指两动作或事件同时发生。如:
She sang as she worked.
她一边工作一边唱歌。
3.定语从句中的that与which①当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,用that,不用which。
如
This is the most important task that should be finished soon.
这是必须很快完成的最重要的任务。
②当先行词被all,much,something,everything,any,few,little,no,some,last,next,the very,the only,the just等修饰时,用that,不用which。如:
1. There's nothing that can be said about it.
关于这件事可能无话可说。
2. There is little work that is fit for you.
几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. He sits the last row that is next to the window.
他坐在靠近窗户的最后一排。
4. The only thing that I need now is money.
我现在唯一需要的是钱。
5. This is the very book that you want to borrow.
这就是你想借的那本书。
③主句是以who、which引导的疑问句时,用that,不用which。Who is the woman that was talking to my mother?
和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁?
以下情况用which,不用that：1. 引导词前面有介词时。This is the room in which he works.
这是他的工作间。
2. 先行词本身是that时。The watch is that which tells the time.
表是用来报时的。
3. 非限制性定语从句中先行词是物时。He has a computer, which was bought by his father yesterday.他有一台电脑,是他的爸爸昨天买的。
Last year my father told me a thing, which I remember clearly today.去年我爸爸告诉一件事,至今我记忆犹新。
4. 引导词在被动句中用作主语时。I like the toys which are colored.
我喜欢那些涂上不同颜色的玩具。
练一练1. 根据主从句关系判断中考复合句的考查,要根据主从句的意思来判断答案,解答此类试题,要注意分析句子前后的关系。
【例1】(2014· 江苏淮安·10)
Prince George is lovely that many people like him very much
A. very B. such C. as D. so
【解析】本题考查连词的用法。根据句中的that判断,这里是考查句型so...that和such...that。因为lovely是形容词,所以这里用so来连接。故选D。
【答案】D
【例2】(2013·浙江衢州·19)
Liu Ming jumps highest he isn't tallest in our class.
A. because B. though C. for D. so
【解析】考查四个连词的用法,A“因为”引导原因状语从句;B“尽管”引导让步状语从句;C“由于”表示因果关系,连接两个有因果关系的并列句;D项“因此”连接两个有因果关系的并列句,根据句意:李明跳的最高,尽管他不是我们班最高的。选B。
【答案】B
2. 根据语序判断在含有宾语从句的复合句中,从句的语序要用陈述句语序。根据这一原则能够解答大部分题目。
【例1】(2014· 江苏镇江· 15)
—Granny, the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.
—Oh, could you tell me ?
A. how did you go to the park
B. what you did in the trip
C. that you saw something beautiful
D. if your friends had played with you
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。应答句是宾语从句,从句应该用陈述句语序,所以排除A项。C项中的that跟肯定句;D项中的if跟一般疑问句,这两项与话题不符。故选B。句意:“奶奶,学校旅行很兴奋但是有点累。”“噢,你能告诉我在旅途中干了什么?”
【答案】B
【例2】(2013·广东·39)
—Have you asked the policeman ?
—Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. It's on the right.
A. if there is a bank near here
B. how can we get to the nearest bank
C. where can we find a bank
D. when we can go to the nearest bank
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。在宾语从句中从句用陈述语序,故排除B、C(为疑问语序),根据句意是问路表达。所以选择答案A。
【答案】A
3. 根据连接词判断中考对宾语从句的考查除了语序之外,还有考查连接词的试题。要选择正确的连接词,关键是要弄清句意,可以用替代法判断答案。
【例1】(2014· 江苏泰州·11)
I think that studying in pairs of groups is necessary you want to learn from each other in class.
A. though B. until C. unless D. if
【解析】本题考查连词的用法。前面句子意为“我认为小组学习是很有必要的。”下句的意思是“你们想在课堂上相互学习。”根据句意和句子结构判断,该句是条件状语从句,应该用if(如果)来连接,所以排除A、B、C三项。故选D。
【答案】D
【例2】(2013·福建福州·45)
—Could you please tell me tomorrow?
—At 8 o'clock.
A. how will she come
B. where she will go
C. what time she will start
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意为:——请你告诉我她明天什么时候开始?——八点钟。根据答语可知答案为C项。
【答案】C
4. 还原先行词判断中考对定语从句的考查主要是考查关系代词。首先可以把先行词还原到从句中。其次在选择关系词时,看先行词是指人还是指物,然后看关系词在从句中的成分,从而做出正确判断。
【例1】(2014·山东枣庄·23)
He is unlikely to find the school he taught 50 years ago.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
【解析】考查关系代词的用法。根据句子结构判断,该句是定语从句,the school是先行词,关系代词指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语,应该用where,不能用什么时候、怎么样或为什么,所以排除B、C、D三项。故选A。句意为:他不可能找到他五十年前教学的学校。
【答案】A
【例2】(2013·广西玉林·33)
—Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan?
—Sure. He is the writer won the Nobel (诺贝尔) Literature Prize.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词的用法。which先行词为物时;whose先行词为人或物,作定语,后得接个名词;who先行词为人,作主、宾、表语;whom先行词为人,只作宾语。根据先行词the writer“作者”,作主语。所以选择答案C。
【答案】C
声明：整理自网络！
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